1) Lecture Notes
2) Custom Application Development Portal
http://www.customapplicationdevelopment.org/home-page
http://www.customapplicationdevelopment.org/custom-application-development
3) Designing Workflow Systems
http://is.tm.tue.nl/staff/ivanderfeesten/Thesis.pdf
4) Workspaces
http://www.au-kbc.org/bpmain1/PKI/workflow.pdf
5) SAP
http://www.sap.com/hk/about/index.epx
6) IBM
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/ims/soa-integration-suite/
Response:
In this lecture, Helen continued on the topic of phase 3 in organization transformation . She also mentioned the implementation, which is the phase 4 in organization transformation.
The last step of phase 3 in organization transformation is planning process integration. There are several IT integration options for BPR, which are:
1) Custom Application Development;
2) Workflow Engines;
3) Enterprise Application Integration;
4) Specialized e-Process Automation Software; and
5) XML-based Process Integration Suites.
Custom Application Development
It means that integrate new processes into enterprise IT architectures through customized application development. Therefore, enterprise can develop their own piece of application.
However, one major drawback is that by the time the application development is complete, oftentimes the business has discovered changes that they desire. Therefore leaving them with applications that do not truly meet their requirements.
Example: Mobile Apps
Nowadays, mobile apps in different mobile platforms are very popular, different companies need their customized mobile apps. Therefore, they request on the custom application development services.
Workflow Engines
A workflow management system manages the workflows and organizes the routing of case
data amongst the human resources and through application programs, i.e. helps to define,
administer and coordinate different business processes.
A workflow management system has a number of functions that can be used to define and track workflow processes, making both the progress of a case through a workflow and the structure of the flow itself easier to revise. It therefore is clear that workflow management systems have become the ideal tool for achieving BPR.
Example: Workspaces
The Workspaces system combines concepts from workflow management, XML and XSL, and coordination technology to coordinate distributed workflows through the Web.
It can easily support virtual and distributed organizations, as well as cross-organizational workflows.
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
EAI is an integration framework composed of a collection of technologies and services which form a middleware to enable integration of systems and applications across the enterprise.
It is the process of linking such applications within a single organization together in order to simplify and automate business processes to the greatest extent possible, while at the same time avoiding having to make sweeping changes to the existing applications or data structures.
SAP is a German company that develops business software. ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, and is the term used to describe an integrated software solution that incorporates the key functions of an organisation.
SAP ERP consists of several modules including: utilities for marketing and sales, field service, product design and development, production and inventory control, human resources, finance and accounting. SAP ERP collects and combines data from the separate modules to provide the company or organization with enterprise resource planning.
Specialized e-Process Automation Software
It means that by using a software to finish the business process automatically online.
XML-based Process Integration Suites
XML marks up a document with user-defined tags, which organize data in computer/human readable form simply. It can customized across different enterprises and applications becomes simpler and faster to do.
Example: IBM IMS SOA Integration Suite
The IBM® IMS™ SOA Integration Suite is a collection of IMS middleware functions and tools that support your IMS on demand systems and your distributed IMS application environment.
IMS XML DB allows applications to view a traditional IMS database as an XML database.
Using the IMS DLIModel utility to construct an IMS-to-XML mapping, IMS XML DB allows the storage and retrieval of XML documents from existing or new IMS databases.
Phase 4 of organizational transformation is implementation, i.e. change management.
There are 4 concepts in changing management, which are:
1) structured approach from current to desired state;
2) avoiding user resistance to business and system changes;
3) addresses differences in persepctives of partners; and
4) involves compromise.
In the lecture, it also mentoned the Lewin's Three-stage Change Process.
This model states that organisational change involves a move from one static state via a progressional shift, to another static state. The model, also known as Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze, comprises a three-stage process of 1) unfreezing, 2) changing and 3) re-freezing.
Stage 1: Unfreeze
This stage involves creating the right conditions for change to occur. By resisting change, people often attach a sense of identity to their environment. In this state, alternatives, even beneficial ones, will initially cause discomfort. The challenge is to move people from this 'frozen' state to a 'change ready' or 'unfrozen' state.
Stage 2: Transition
The transitional 'journey' is central to Lewin's model and at the psychological level it is typically a period of confusion. People are aware that the old ways are being challenged, but there is no clear understanding of the new ways which will replace them. As roles change, a reduced state of efficiency is created, where goals are significantly lowered. Good leadership is important, and coaching, counseling or psychological support may be needed. The end goal of this stage is to get people to the 'unfrozen' state and keep them there.
Stage 3: Refreeze
The end goal of the model is to achieve a 'refreeze', re-establishing a new place of stability and elevate comfort levels by reconnecting people back into their safe, familiar environment. Refreezing takes people from a period of low productivity in the transitional state to a stable and productive state.
There are few pactors that impact the success of implementation, which are:
1) support from top management;
2) risk level;
3) users training;
4) acceptance of user; and
5) process management.
- Some of the example quote is not so appropriate: e.g. "Custom applic. development" -> your example "Mobile App" is not so proper. "Custom applic. development" should refer to tailored made development / BPR for a part of the business process - change it piece by piece; and
回覆刪除- SAP is more than EAI for system integration, it has its own comprehensive systems containing all systems - accounting, HR, CRM .. )
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